Video Presentation Notes-3

A newborns skeleton is made up of primarily cartilage.  As they age their bones begin to form by the depositing of phosphorous and calcium.

Skeletal System Functions:

Support - Body Structure

Protection - Protects Internal Organs

Movement - Working with the MS and NS for mobility

Storage - Stores Phosphorus/Calcium

Produces Materials - Blood Cells

Bone Marrow

Red Marrow - Spongy bone, red blood cells

Yellow Marrow - Hollow centers of long bone, stores fat

Joints:

Allow for movement and protect the bones from friction and force.

Pivot Joint

Connects your skull to the first vertebra

Turn your neck side to side

Ball and Socket Joint

Allows movement in all directions

Shoulders and Hips

Gliding Joint

Movement in many directions, gliding motion

Wrist and ankles

Hinge Joint

Allows bending and straightening

Knees and elbows

Keeping Skeletal System Healthy:

Eating well

Exercise

Avoid bone injuries

Avoid joint injuries

Types of Muscles:

Cardiac

Involuntary, found in the heart, allows your heart to beat and pump blood

Smooth

Involuntary, causes movements within your body, lines vital organs within the body

Skeletal

Voluntary, perform activities, attached to bones

How Muscles Work:

Contract by becoming, longer or shorter.

Muscle fibers contract when they receive a nerve signal to do so.  

Terminology:

Tendons – connect muscle to bone

Muscle Tone – firming of a muscle

Atrophy – muscles that cannot contract due to injury and are weakened

Strain – over worked or too far stretched – “pulled muscle”

Tendonitis – over use of tendons

Prevent Muscle Injuries:

1.  Working your muscles – exercise regularly, warm up and cool down phase, be specific to your training

2.  Avoiding injuries – Strain and tendonitis

3.  Preventing muscle cramps – hydration before and during

Nervous System:

Function – receives information about what is going on inside and outside of your body, then processes said information to form a response.

Neuron – basic unit of the nervous system

Types of Neurons:

Sensory

External and internal environment

Senses

Motor

Muscle and Glands

Movements

Interneurons

Brain and Spinal Cord

Pass impulses from one neuron to another

Central Nervous System:

Control center of the body

Brain:

Cerebrum

Cerebellum

Brain Stem

Spinal Cord – links the brain to the PNS

Reflexes – automatic response to the environment 

Peripheral Nervous System:

Network of nerves that links the rest of your body to your brain and spinal cord.

Nerve- bundle of axons within connective tissue

Two Divisions:

Sensory

Motor (somatic, Autonomic NS)

Somatic NS:

Carry signals that control voluntary actions

Chewing foods, raising your arm

Autonomic NS:

Regulate things that happen automatically

Breathing, Digestion, Heart Beat